Ted Bundy’s Subjectivism

Filed under: Philosophy — Barry Carey at 9:33 pm on Sunday, February 19, 2006

Subjectivism is one of two types of ethical relativism. It states that there are no objective values of morality. An action is right or wrong depending on the individual’s attitudes about that action. What is right for me, may not be right for you. Pojman, in his article, A Critique of Ethical Relativism, states his students would put it this way:

Morality is in the eye of the beholder.

It is amazing how many people consider themselves subjectivist, yet have not truly thought through the consequences of their beliefs. Adolf Hitler and Ted Bundy are as moral as Gandhi. Joseph Stalin is as moral as Mother Theresa. Absurd consequences follow. From Pojman’s article is a paraphrase of a tape-recorded conversation between Ted Bundy and one of his victims in which Bundy justifies his murder:

Then I learned that all moral judgments are “value judgments,” that all value judgments are subjective, and that none can be proved either right or wrong. I even read somewhere that the Chief Justice of the United States had written that the American Constitution expressed nothing more than collective value judgments. Believe it or not, I figured it out for myself - what apparently the chief justice couldn’t figure out for himself - that if the rationality of one value judgment was zero, multiplying it by millions would not make it one whit more rational. Nor is there any “reason” to obey the law for anyone, like myself, who has the boldness and daring - the strength of character - to throw off shackles….I discovered that to become truly free, truly unfettered, I had to become truly uninhibited. And I quickly discovered that the greatest obstacle to my freedom, the greatest block and limitation to it, consists in the insupportable “value judgment” that I was bound to respect the rights of others. I asked myself, who were these “others”? Other human beings, with human rights? Why is it more wrong to kill a human animal than any other animal, a pig, or a sheep, or a steer? Is your life more to you that a hog’s life to a hog? Why should I be willing to sacrifice my pleasure more for the one than for the other? Surely, you would not, in this age of scientific enlightenment, declare that God or nature has marked some pleasures as “moral” or “good” and others as “immoral” or “bad”? In any case, let me assure you, my dear young lady, that there is absolutely no comparison between the pleasure I might take in eating ham, and the pleasure I anticipate in raping and murdering you. That is the honest conclusion to which my education has led me - after the most conscientious examination of my spontaneous and uninhibited self.

Subjectivist ethical realism makes morality a useless concept. We can never condemn another for what he does.

6 Comments »

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Comment by Jonathan

February 22, 2006 @ 2:03 pm

That’s pretty amazing, I was having an ‘overall’ discussion on apologetics with a guy who now considers himself to be an agnostic[atheist prior to discussion] and this exact topic was brought up. But when I questioned his view on whether he thought Hitler/Stalin’s [etc] were morally corect he really didn’t answer, and turned it around to say if christians weren’t bound by morality they would all be these evil people[because of my saying that if morality was subjective then he would have to forgive hitler for what he did, or even for anyone who would harm/kill those close to him because it was morally correct in their eyes regardless of his standards]

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Comment by Barry Carey

February 22, 2006 @ 8:40 pm

Good points, Jonathan. Actually, it would not even make sense to even talk about forgiving. He should ask for forgiveness himself for judging Hitler/Stalin etc. if their are no moral standards. Of course, then, it would not be immoral to judge if their are no moral standards. So, Anything Goes!

Comment by Iis

July 2, 2006 @ 8:18 am

Moral subjectivism is quite complicated, but basically my views on it can be described as ‘morality is based on emotions’. Whatever the world may really be like, we see it through the filters of our own desires, wishes, feelings etc.

Most morality is based on empathy, recognising someone else is a person like you. Tit-for-tat reciprocity has been shown to be an ESS, most people have an innate sense of empathy. Things like the Golden rule help to codify that feeling so it can be more rigourisly applied to various situations.

Why should you follow empathy? No reason, just the kind of person you want to be (or are, since most people are born with it.)

So, in my POV, Hitler and Bundy were bad because they didn’t have empathy. We punish people like them out of empathy; it deters others from doing what they did and so protects humanity.

Really, if anything goes, then your perfectly free to make up rules and attack people who break em. Make up your own morality in fact.

Comment by Dan Marshall

January 11, 2007 @ 12:42 pm

Actually, I’m a moral anti-realist myself, which goes even further in stating that there are no objective moral truths. As far as that causing troubles (i.e. Hitler and Ted Bundy), I’ve heard an anecdote about the British administration in India back in the day: “So you have a custom in this country of burning widows alive? How interesting. In our country, we have this custom of hanging people who burn widows alive.” In short, while we can’t condemn in absolute terms Hitler and Bundy, neither can they condemn us for taking action to stop them.

That said, we can create a historical narrative for how we came to have the values that we, on the whole, do. (Evolution, God made us that way, society needs these rules to function, whatever.) We can also say that Hitler and Bundy were “mutants,” exceptions to the general rules laid down by whatever historical narrative you want to construct. But what we can’t say (in absolute terms) is that we *should* have the values that we do, or condemn Hitler and Bundy’s values except relative to our own.

If you say that evolution made us have certain values, then you run into the fact/value distinction. Just because evolution makes us act a certain way, does that mean we *should* act that way?

If you say that we should do what God wants us to, then you run into the Euthyphro Dilemma. Is the pious man loved by the gods because he is pious, or is he pious because he is loved by the gods? In other words, does God arbitrarily determine what is right or wrong, or is He using some criteria external to Himself? If you say that God can determine what is right or wrong by fiat, then the Devil, given the same powers, also do so? If God uses some external criteria to establish right or wrong, then what is that criteria, and could we apply it ourselves?

Comment by Dylan

July 25, 2007 @ 10:07 pm

Dan, I fully agree. If accepting subjectivism were to imply we had to accept all conduct that we abhor, why was the history of 20th century Existentialism so wrapped up w/ political activism? My ethics prof. tried posting this in class today as a “warning” against anti-realism. Scare tactics anyone? Boy, I bet John Mackie had 20 bodies under his driveway after all. Moral realism is wholly irrational. Indeed, the fact/value gap must be conveniently skipped over, or else outdated Platonist quackery must be invoked to justify it. The connection between “X causes another pain” (or etc.) and “is wrong” can not be shown without reference to empathy and emotion. Feelings are not facts. Morality is rooted in sentiment(thanks David Hume), values, intuitions - how things “seem” or “feel” to us. As with God, saying that something must be true because you fear what the consequences would be if it weren’t is not an argument for that thing being true.

Comment by Sam Riggio

March 14, 2008 @ 5:17 pm

Hello. I just thought you might like to read this article: “A Christian Answer to the Euthyphro Dilemma” http://www.theologyonline.com/forums/showthread.php?t=47024

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